Monday, July 22, 2013

H.264/MPEG-4 AVC

The standardization of the first edition of H.264/AVC was finished in May 2003. In the first venture to boost the unique conventional, the JVT then developed what was known as the Constancy Range Additions (FRExt). These extensions allowed better high quality video coding by assisting improved example bit detail perfection and higher-resolution shade details, such as testing components known as Y'CbCr 4:2:2 (=YUV 4:2:2) and Y'CbCr 4:4:4. Several other functions were also involved in the Constancy Range Additions venture, such as flexible changing between 4×4 and 8×8 integer converts, encoder-specified perceptual-based quantization weighting matrices, effective inter-picture lossless coding, and assistance of extra shade areas. The style perform on the Constancy Range Additions was finished in This summer 2004, and the creating perform on them was finished in Sept 2004.

Further latest extensions of the conventional then involved including five other new details designed mainly for professional applications, including extended-gamut shade space assistance, interpreting extra aspect rate signs, interpreting two extra types of "supplemental improvement information" (post-filter sign and overall tone mapping), and deprecating one of the before FRExt details that market reviews indicated should have been developed in a different way.

The next significant function included to the conventional was Scalable Movie Programming (SVC). Specified in Annex G of H.264/AVC, SVC allows the growth of bitstreams that contain sub-bitstreams that also comply with the conventional, such as one such bitstream known as the "base layer" that can be decoded by a H.264/AVC codec that does not assistance SVC. For temporary bitstream scalability (i.e., the use of a sub-bitstream with a compact sized temporary testing amount than the primary bitstream), finish accessibility models are eliminated from the bitstream when drawing the sub-bitstream. In this situation, high-level format and inter-prediction referrals images in the bitstream are designed accordingly. On the other hand, for spatial and high quality bitstream scalability (i.e. the use of a sub-bitstream with reduced spatial resolution/quality than the primary bitstream), the NAL (Network Abstraction Layer) is eliminated from the bitstream when drawing the sub-bitstream. In this situation, inter-layer forecast (i.e., the forecast of the greater spatial resolution/quality indication from the information of the reduced spatial resolution/quality signal) is generally used for effective coding. The Scalable Movie Programming extensions were finished in Nov 2007.

The next significant function included to the conventional was Multiview Movie Programming (MVC). Specified in Annex H of H.264/AVC, MVC allows the growth of bitstreams that signify more than one perspective of video clips field. An important example of this performance is stereoscopic 3D video coding. Two details were developed in the MVC work: Multiview High Information facilitates an irrelavent number of opinions, and Music High Details are developed particularly for two-view stereoscopic video. The Multiview Movie Programming extensions were finished in Nov 2009.
Standardization panel and history

In beginning 1998, the Movie Programming Professionals Group (VCEG – ITU-T SG16 Q.6) launched a call for suggestions on a venture known as H.26L, with the focus on to dual the coding performance (which means halving the bit amount necessary for a given stage of fidelity) in evaluation to any other current video coding requirements for a extensive range of applications. VCEG was chaired by Grettle Sullivan (Microsoft, formerly PictureTel, USA). The first set up style for that new conventional was used in Aug 1999. In 2000, Johnson Wiegand (Heinrich Hertz Institution, Germany) became VCEG co-chair. In Dec 2001, VCEG and the Shifting Image Professionals Group (MPEG – ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11) established a Combined Movie Group (JVT), with the rental to finish it coding conventional.[2] Formal acceptance of the requirements came in Goal 2003. The JVT was (is) chaired by Grettle Sullivan, Johnson Wiegand, and Ajay Luthra (Motorola, USA). In July 2004, the Constancy extensive range extensions (FRExt) venture was completed. From Jan 2005 to Nov 2007, the JVT was operating on an expansion of H.264/AVC towards scalability by an Annex (G) known as Scalable Movie Programming (SVC). The JVT control team was prolonged by Jens-Rainer Ohm (Aachen School, Germany). From This summer 2006 to Nov 2009, the JVT proved helpful on Multiview Movie Programming (MVC), an expansion of H.264/AVC towards 100 % free perspective tv and 3D tv. That perform involved the growth of two new details of the standard: the Multiview High Information and the Music High Information.
Applications
Further information: List of video services using H.264/MPEG-4 AVC

The H.264 video structure has a very extensive program extensive range that includes all types of electronic compacted video from low bit-rate Internet loading applications to HDTV transmitted and Digital Theatre applications with nearly lossless coding. With the use of H.264, bit amount benefits of 50% or more are revealed. For example, H.264 has been revealed to give the same Digital Satellite TV high quality as present MPEG-2 implementations with less than 50 percent the bitrate, with present MPEG-2 implementations operating at around 3.5 Mbit/s and H.264 at only 1.5 Mbit/s.[3] To make sure interface and problem-free adopting of H.264/AVC, many requirements systems have revised or included to their video-related requirements so that customers of these requirements can implement H.264/AVC.
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